This book discusses Integrated Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methodology. It includes an introduction to research methods, positivism and constructivism, quantitative and qualitative research design, quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, research instruments, and statistical data analysis using a quantitative approach.
Research is a central scientific activity in the development of science, technology, and professional practice. Through research, humans seek to gain a deep understanding of a phenomenon using systematic and planned procedures. Creswell and Creswell (2023) define research as a step-by-step process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information to improve understanding of a particular problem. In an academic context, this activity is a primary means of generating new knowledge and verifying existing knowledge. Neuman (2022) explains that scientific research serves as a mechanism for obtaining objective knowledge through structured procedures, so that findings can be tested and verified by other researchers. Therefore, research is a primary foundation in the scientific tradition oriented towards scientific truth.