By expressing gratitude to the presence of Allah SWT, for the abundance of His grace and guidance, the writing of the book entitled Environmental Science in Various Scientific Perspectives. This book discusses an introduction to environmental science, ecological and biodiversity perspectives, social work and green social work perspectives on environmental issues, environmental economics perspectives, environmental law and policy perspectives, climate change and environmental resilience perspectives, integration of scientific perspectives, and the role of human resources in addressing future challenges.

Introduction Earth is the only life-supporting system we know of today. Within it, trillions of organisms coexist, influence each other, and depend on the same natural resources. As civilization advances, the interaction between humans and nature becomes increasingly complex (Manik, 2018). This complexity is particularly evident, for example, in marine and coastal areas. In these habitats, critical ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs do not exist in isolation but are biologically and physically interconnected to support the overall productivity of aquatic resources.