Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, who has made it easy to write this book. May peace and blessings be upon the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It has long been the author’s ambition to provide a model for applying recently developed theories to the study of prose, poetry, and
drama so that busy graduate students can analyze the books they read.

Teaching materials are anything (either text or nontext) that contains a message to be presented in the learning process (or teaching and learning process, abbreviated as PBM) in accordance with the teaching objectives. Teaching materials can be facts, concepts, procedures, principles (Ismawati, 2012). Teaching materials are also teaching tools in the form of learning materials to discuss a topic, which can be printed (articles, comics, infographics) or non-printed (audio and video) (Ministry of Education and Culture, 2023). Literary teaching materials are something that is very important forupdatethe insight of students who are almost all prospective Language and Literature teachers (Indonesian, English, Javanese).