This book discusses human resource management in the digital era. It covers the basic concepts and evolution of human resource management, human resource management, digital recruitment and selection, competency development and technology-based learning, data-driven performance management and assessment, digital leadership and organizational transformation, organizational culture and employee engagement in the digital ecosystem, well-being, work life balance and employee mental health, as well as cloud-based HR management, AI, and people analytics.

The existence of individuals within an organization or company transcends their function as production elements equivalent to capital or technology. Humans are multidimensional entities endowed with consciousness, emotions, and the potential for self-actualization. The Resource-Based View (RBV) framework, as proposed by Barney (1991), states that these unique attributes make human resources the foundation of sustainable competitive advantage, given their valuable, rare, difficult-to-imitate, and irreplaceable nature.

The most fundamental difference between humans and other resources lies in their ontological status. On the one hand, resources such as capital, equipment, technology, and raw materials are passive, unconscious objects, unable to determine their own destiny, and only become meaningful when operated by humans. On the other hand, humans are active subjects with consciousness, free will, and theability to respond to situations independently.