Literature, as a relatively ancient discipline, has contributed significantly to shaping the thinking perspectives of its people. This includes ways and styles of thinking that have subsequently become patterns in the development of various scientific studies. Literature’s contributions begin in literary works, through characters, characterization, and plots that not only entertain readers but also encourage them to think clearly and critically to understand and resolve various problems.

The development of literary studies is inseparable from paradigm shifts in science. Each period in intellectual history has its own perspectives on understanding literary texts, analytical methods, and the relationship between literary works and social and cultural realities. Paradigms serve as conceptual frameworks that determine how literary research is conducted and how the meaning of a text is interpreted.