This book discusses a Practical Guide to Scientific Research Methodology. It includes the basic concepts and objectives of scientific research, problem identification and problem formulation,
literature review and theoretical framework development, hypothesis formulation and research variables, research design: types and approaches, population, samples, and sampling techniques, data collection techniques, and data analysis: quantitative and qualitative.

Scientific research is a systematic activity undertaken to acquire new knowledge, verify existing knowledge, and solve various problems that arise in society. Advances in science and technology in the digital era have made research a key instrument in evidence-based decision-making. Various sectors, such as health, education, economics, technology, and government, require valid and reliable research results as a basis for policy formulation and innovation development.

According to Flick (2025), scientific research is a planned process of critical thinking to produce academically valid knowledge. Research focuses not only on data collection but also includes
problem formulation, theory development, selection of appropriate methods, data analysis, and drawing logical conclusions.